Time of the Bells, 1769-1835
HISTORICAL STATISTICS
LIST OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN MILITARY COMMANDANTS AT SAN DIEGO, 1769-1840
Lt. Pedro Fages
Military commandant of California; July, 1770, to May, 1774.
Lt. Jose Francisco Ortega
From July, 1771; made lieutenant and put in formal charge, 1773; continued until 1781.
Lt. Jose de Zuniga
September 8, 1781, to October 19, 1793.
Lt. Antonio Grajera
October 19, 1793, to August 23, 1799.
Lt. Jose Font
Temporary commandant of military post, ranking Rodriguez, August 23, 1799, to 1803.
Lt. Manuel Rodriguez
Acting commandant of the company from August 23, 1799, until 1803, when he became commandant of the post and so continued until late in 1806.
Lt. Francisco Maria Ruiz
Acting commandant from late in 1806 until 1807.
Lt. Jose de la Guerra y Noriega
For a short time in 1806-1807.
Capt. Jose Raimundo Carrillo
From late in 1807 until 1809.
Lt. Francisco Maria Ruiz
Lieutenant and acting commandant from 1809 until 1820.
Capt. Ignacio del Corral
Nominally commandant from 1810 to 1820, but never came to California.
Lt. Jose Maria Estudillo
October 23, 1820, to September, 1821.
Capt. Francisco Maria Ruiz
September, 1821, to 1827, when he retired at age of 73.
Lt. Jose Maria Estudillo
From early in 1827 to April 8, 1830.
Lt. Santiago Arguello
From April 8, 1830, to 1835.
Capt. Agustin V. Zamorano
From 1835 to 1840; was in San Diego only during 1837-1838 and never assumed command of the company.
Capt. Pablo de la Portilla was nominally commandant of the post by seniority of rank, whenever present, from 1835 until he left California in 1838.
LIST OF RESIDENT FATHERS WHO OFFICIATED AT SAN DIEGO MISSION
Fr. Junipero Serra ~ July 1, 1769-April 16, 1770
Fr. Fernando Parron ~ April 29, 1769-April, 1771
Fr. Juan Vizcaino ~ April 11, 1769-Feb. 11, 1770
Fr. Francisco Gomez ~ April 11, 1769-March, 1771
Fr. Juan Crespi ~ May 14,1769-July 14,1769; Jan. 24, 1770-left few months later
Fr. Francisco Dumetz ~ March 12,1771-Sept., 1772
Fr. Luis Jayme ~ July, 1771-Nov. 4,1775
Fr. Juan Crespi ~ May, 1772-Sept., 1772
Fr. Tomas de la Pena ~ May, 1772-Sept., 1773
Fr. Gregorio Amurrio ~ Aug. 30,1773-May, 1774
Fr. Vicente Fuster ~ Aug. 30, 1773-July 27, 1777
Fr. Pablo Mugartegui ~ March 13, 1774-Sept., 1774
Fr. Fermin Francisco de Lasuen ~ Nov. 10, 1775-Sept. 5, 1785
Fr. Juan Figuer ~ Aug. 31, 1777-Dec. 18, 1784
Fr. Juan Antonio Garcia Riobo ~ Sept. 28, 1785-Nov. 7, 1786
Fr. Juan Mariner ~ Dec. 5, 1785-Jan. 29, 1800
Fr. Hilario Torrent ~ Nov. 11, 1786-Sept. 27, 1798
Fr. Pedro Esteban ~ Nov. 14,1795-July 1, 1797
Fr. Jose Panella ~ June 2, 1797-Jan. 20, 1803
Fr. Jose Barona ~ Aug. 4, 1798-Jan. 24, 1811
Fr. Mariano Payeras ~ Dec. 11, 1803-Sept. 30, 1804
Fr. Jose Bernardo Sanchez ~ Oct., 1804-May 16, 1820
Fr. Pedro Panto ~ Jan., 1811-July 1, 1812
Fr. Fernando Martin ~ July 6, 1812-Oct. 19, 1838
Fr. Vicente Pascual Oliva ~ June 28, 1820-Jan., 1832
Fr. Antonio Menendez (at-Presidio) ~ March 31, 1824-Oct. 16, 1829
Fr. Buenaventura Fortuni ~ Sept. 22, 1833-July 27, 1834
Fr. Vicente Pascual Oliva ~ Aug. 1834-June 14, 1846
Fr. J. Chrisostom Holbein ~ July, 1849-Sept., 1854
Fr. Pedro Bagaria ~ 1855-1857
Fr. John Molinier ~ 1858-1863
Fr. Antonio Ubach ~ 1866-April 27, 1907
LOCAL OFFICIALS
The following, prominent in San Diego history, served in the federal congress or the provisional legislature, or diputación, between 1822 and 1834:
Diputados to Congress
1827 — Pablo de Solá.
1827 — Capt. José de la Guerra y Noriega; Gervasio Argüello, substitute.
1828 — Gervasio Argüello.
1829 — Lt. José Joaquin Maitorena; Santiago Argüello, substitute.
1830 — Carlos A. Carrillo; Juan Bandini, substitute.
1833 — Juan Bandini; José Antonio Carrillo, substitute.
1833 — Juan Bandini (re-elected).
1834 — José Antonio Carrillo; Mariano G. Vallejo, substitute.
Partido Electores
1822 — Ignacio López.
1827 — Agustin Zamorano.
Vocales, Diputacion
1822 — Francisco Castro.
1827 — Juan Bandini.
1830 — Juan Maria Osuna; Santiago Argüello, substitute.
1833 — José Antonio Carrillo, José Antonio Estudillo, Pio Pico.
1834 — José Antonio Carrillo, José Maria Estudillo.
Comisario Subalterno
1825 — Domingo Carrillo 1828 — Juan Bandini
Receptor of Customs
1833- Santiago Argüello
1834-Martin S. Cabello; Juan Bandini
CALIFORNIA MISSIONS AND DATES OF FOUNDING
San Diego de Alcalá July 16, 1769
San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo (Carmel) June 3, 1770
San Antonio de Padua July 14, 1771
San Gabriel Arcingel Sept. 8, 1771
San Luis Obispo de Tolosa Sept.1, 1772
San Francisco de Asís (Dolores) Oct. 9, 1776
San Juan Capistrano Nov. 1, 1776
Santa Clara de Asís Jan.12,1777
San Buenaventura (Ventura) Mar. 31, 1782
Santa Bárbara Dec. 4, 1786
La Purisima Concepción Dec. 8, 1787
Santa Cruz Aug. 28, 1791
Nuestra Señora de la Soledad Oct. 9, 1791
San José de Guadalupe June 11, 1797
San Juan Bautista June 24, 1797
San Miguel Arcángel July 25, 1797
San Fernando Rey de España Sept. 8,1797
San Luis Rey de Francia June 13, 1798
Santa Inés Sept. 17, 1804
San Rafael Arcángel Dec. 14, 1817
San Francisco de Solano (Sonoma) July 4, 1823
CIVIL AND MILITARY GOVERNORS OF CALIFORNIA 1769-1835
Spanish Rule
1769-1770 Gaspar de Portolá, Military Commander
1770-1774 Pedro Fages, Military Commander
1774-1777 Fernando Rivera y Moncada, Military Commander
1777-1782 Felipe de Neve, First Civil Governor
1782-1791 Pedro Fages
1791-1792 José Antonio Roméu
1792-1794 José Joaquin de Arrillaga, ad interim
1794-1800 Diego de Borica
1800-1814 José Joaquin de Arrillaga (ad interim 1800-1804)
1814-1815 José Darí Argüello, ad interim
1815-1822 Pablo Vicente de Solá
Mexican Rule
1822-1825 Luis Antonio Argüello, ad interim
1825-1830 José Maria de Echeandia
1830-1831 Manuel Victoria
1831-1833 Interregnum
Pio Pico, January to February, 1832
M. de Echeandia, south of San Fernando, to 1833
Agustín V. Zamorano, north of San Fernando, to 1833
1833-1835 José Figueroa
1835-1836 José Castro, ad interim to January, 1836
STATE OF THE MISSIONS ON DECEMBER 31, 1832
SAN DIEGO
Baptisms, 6552; marriages, 1794; deaths, 4322; neophytes, 1455; cattle, 4500; sheep, 13,250; horses, 220.
SAN LUIS REY
Baptisms, 5399; marriages, 1335; deaths, 2718 neophytes, 2788; cattle, 27,500; sheep, 26,100; horses, 1950.
SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO
Baptisms, 4340; marriages, 1153; deaths, 3126; neophytes, 900; cattle, 10,900; sheep, 4800; horses, 450.
SAN GABRIEL
Baptisms, 7825; marriages, 1916; deaths, 5670; neophytes, 1320; cattle, 16,500; sheep, 8500; horses, 1200.
SAN FERNANDO
Baptisms, 2784; marriages, 827; deaths, 1983; neophytes, 782; cattle, 7000; sheep, 1000; horses, 1000.
SAN BUENAVENTURA
Baptisms, 3875; marriages,1097; deaths, 3150; neophytes, 668; cattle, 4050; sheep, 3000; horses, 200.
SANTA BARBARA
Baptisms, 5556; marriages, 1486; deaths, 3936; neophytes, 628; cattle, 1800; sheep, 3200; horses, 480.
SANTA INES
Baptisms, 1348; marriages, 400; deaths, 1227; neophytes, 360; cattle, 7200; sheep, 2100; horses, 390.
PURISIMA CONCEPCION
Baptisms, 3255; marriages, 1029; deaths, 2609; neophytes, 372; cattle, 9200; sheep, 3500; horses, 1000.
SAN LUIS OBISPO
Baptisms, 2644; marriages, 763; deaths, 2268; neophytes, 231; cattle, 2500; sheep, 5422; horses, 700
SAN MIGUEL
Baptisms, 2471; marriages, 764; deaths, 1868; neophytes, 658; cattle, 3710; sheep, 8282; horses, 700.
SAN ANTONIO
Baptisms, 4419; marriages, 1142; deaths, 3617; neophytes, 640; cattle, 6WO; sheep, 10,500; horses,774.
N. SRA DE LA SOLEDAD
Baptisms, 2131; marriages, 648; deaths, 1705; neophytes, 339; cattle, 6000; sheep, 6200; horses, 252.
SAN CARLOS
Baptisms, 3827; marriages, 1032; deaths, 2837; neophytes, 185; cattle, 2100; sheep, 3300; horses, 410.
SAN JUAN BAUTISTA
Baptisms, 4016; marriages, 1003; deaths, 2854; neophytes, 916; cattle, 6000; sheep, 6004; horses, 296.
SANTA CRUZ
Baptisms, 2439; marriages, 827; deaths, 1972; neophytes, 284; cattle, 3600; sheep, 5211; horses, 400.
SANTA CLARA
Baptisms, 8536; marriages, 2498; deaths, 6809; neophytes, 1125; cattle, 10,000; sheep, 9500; horses, 730.
SAN JOSE
Baptisms, 6673; marriages, 1990; deaths, 4800; neophytes, 1800; cattle, 12,000; sheep, 11,000; horses, 1100.
SAN FRANCISCO DE ASIS
Baptisms, 6898; marriages, 2043; deaths, 5166; neophytes, 204; cattle, 5000; sheep, 3500; horses, 1000.
SAN RAFAEL
Baptisms, 1821; marriages, 519; deaths, 652; neophytes, 300; cattle, 2120; sheep, 3000; horses, 370.
SAN FRANCISCO SOLANO
Baptisms, 1008; marriages, 263; deaths, 500; neophytes, 996; cattle, 3500; sheep, 600; horses, 900.
TOTAL BAPTISMS, 87,787; MARRIAGES, 24,529; DEATHS, 63,789; NEOPHYTES, 16,951; CATTLE, 151,180; SHEEP, 137,971; HORSES, 14,522.
VESSELS TOUCHING AT SAN DIEGO FROM 1769-1835
The following ships are ones which are known to have visited the coast, from information in ships’ logs, in ship registers, or Spanish and Mexican customs’ reports. Many other “phantom” ships plied the coast in illegal trading and left no records of their operations.
1769-1799
San Antonio (El Principe), and San Carlos, packetboats; Princesa, Favorita, Aranzazú, Concepción, frigates; Activa, schooner, Spanish Government ships, San Blas. Discovery and Mercedes, sloops, Great Britain.
1800
Betsy, American brig, Boston.
1801
Enterprise, American ship, New York.
1803
Lelia Byrd, American brig, Hamburg, Germany; Alexander and O’Cain, American ships, Boston; Hazard, American ship, Providence, R.I.
1804
Hazard, American ship, Providence, R. I.
1805
Lelia Byrd, American brig, Hamburg, Germany.
1806
Eclipse, American ship, Boston; Peacock, American brig, Boston.
1807
Activa, Spanish brig, San Blas; Princesa, Spanish frigate, San Blas; Peacook, American brig, Boston.
1809
Mercury, American ship, Boston.
1815
Forester, American brig, New York.
1817
Traveller, American schooner, Canton.
1818
Clarion, American brig, Boston.
1820
Discovery, British whaler.
1821
Eagle, American schooner, Boston.
1822
Sachem, American ship, Boston.
1823
John Begg, English brig, Liverpool; Sachem, American ship, Boston; San Carlos, Imperial Mexican man-of-war, Mexico; Thomas Nowland, English ship.
1824
Arab, American brig; Mentor, American ship, Boston; Washington, American schooner, Boston.
1825
Young Tartar, British coastal schooner; Baikal, Russian brig, Ft. Ross.
1826
Baikal, Russian brig, Ft. Ross; Harbinger, American brig, Honolulu; Owhyhee, American brig, Boston; Rover, California schooner, Monterey; Waverly, Hawaiian brig, Honolulu.
1827
Okhotsk and Baikal, Russian brigs, Ft. Ross; Harbinger, American brig, Honolulu; Waverly, Hawaiian brig, Honolulu; Courier, American ship; Le Heros, French ship, Le Havre.
1828
Franklin, American ship, Boston; Courier, American ship; Clio and Andes, American brigs;Okhotsk and Baikal, Russian brigs, Ft. Ross; Waverly and Karimoku, Hawaiian brigs, Honolulu.
1829
Brookline, American ship, Boston; Washington, American schooner, Boston; Okhotsk andBaikal, Russian brigs, Ft. Ross; Vulture, English brig, Callao.
1830
Leonor, Mexican ship, Acapulco; Baikal, Russian brig, Ft. Ross.
1831
Convoy, American brig, Honolulu; Louisa, American bark, Honolulu.
1832
Pocahontas, American ship.
1833
Volunteer, American bark, Honolulu; Harriet Blanchard, American schooner, Honolulu.
1834
Don Quixote, American bark, Honolulu; Natalia, Mexican ship, Acapulco.
1835
Pilgrim, Alert, Lagoda and California, American ships, Boston; Ayacucho, English brig, Callao;Loriot, American schooner, Honolulu; La Rosa, Italian ship, Sardinia; Facio, Mexican brig, Guaymas; Catalina, American brig under Mexican flag, La Paz.
Return to Books.
THE TIME OF THE BELLS
Prologue
Ch. 1 The Ring of Faith
Ch. 2 The Fight to Live
Ch. 3 The Test by Fire
Ch. 4 Death on a River
Ch. 5 Opening the Land
Ch. 6 Fr. Serra’s Death
Ch. 7 George Vancouver
Ch. 8 The Boston Ships
Ch. 9 The Golden Age
Ch. 10 Capt. Duhaut-Cilly
Ch. 11 The Mountain Men
Ch. 12 The Hide Droghers
Ch. 13 Alfred Robinson
Ch. 14 Richard Henry Dana
Ch. 15 The Toll of Time
Historical Statistics
Translations
Transcriptions
Chronology
